Das Universum – Einzelnachweise

Einführung

• Introduction to Cosmology – Barbara Ryden (Lehrbuch, gut für den Gesamtüberblick)
  http://carina.fcaglp.unlp.edu.ar/extragalactica/Bibliografia/Ryden_IntroCosmo.pdfcarina.fcaglp.unlp​

• Introduction to Cosmology – Matts Roos (Lehrbuch, mathematisch etwas technischer)
  http://dec1.sinp.msu.ru/~panov/LibBooks/CS/roos_m_introduction_to_cosmology.pdfdec1.sinp.msu​

• Big-Bang Cosmology – Review (Particle Data Group)
  https://pdg.lbl.gov/2025/reviews/rpp2024-rev-bbang-cosmology.pdfpdg.lbl​

• The Standard Cosmology – kompakte Einführung
  https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9404040arxiv​

• The Beginning and Evolution of the Universe – Überblick von Urknall bis Strukturbildung
  https://arxiv.org/abs/0706.1565arxiv​

• The Road to Precision Cosmology – Entwicklung der modernen Kosmologie
  https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-nucl-111119-041046annualreviews​

• Cosmology: A Brief Review – klassische Überblicksarbeit
  https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1963QJRAS…4R.185Madsabs.harvard​

• An Introduction to Cosmology (Wiley, Probekapitel)
  https://www.wiley-vch.de/books/sample/3527407642_c01.pdfwiley-vch​

• Big Bang Cosmology – thematischer Überblick
  https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/physics-and-astronomy/big-bang-cosmologysciencedirect​

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Geschichte

• The Oxford Handbook of the History of Modern Cosmology
  https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/34295academic.oup​

• 100 Years of Mathematical Cosmology: Models, Theories, and Observations
  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8919128/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih​

• Cosmology, A Brief Review – historische Perspektive
  https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1963QJRAS…4R.185Madsabs.harvard​

• Nobel Lecture: How Physical Cosmology Grew
  https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.92.030501link.aps​

• The Case for the Relativistic Hot Big Bang Cosmology
  https://www.nature.com/articles/352769a0nature​

• The Standard Cosmology – mit historischem Kontext
  https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9404040arxiv​

• The Beginning and Evolution of the Universe – Geschichte des Universums
  https://arxiv.org/abs/0706.1565arxiv​

• Nebulæ, Galaxies and Cosmology – historischer Nature-Sammelband
  https://www.nature.com/articles/189867a0nature​

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Urknall

• Big-Bang Cosmology – aktueller Standardreview (PDG)
  https://pdg.lbl.gov/2025/reviews/rpp2024-rev-bbang-cosmology.pdfpdg.lbl​

• Big-Bang Cosmology – frühere Version (gut zitierter Standard)
  https://pdg.lbl.gov/2021/reviews/rpp2020-rev-bbang-cosmology.pdfpdg.lbl​

• The Standard Cosmology – Hot Big Bang Modell
  https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9404040arxiv​

• The Beginning and Evolution of the Universe – Urknall, Inflation, Rekombination
  https://arxiv.org/abs/0706.1565arxiv​

• The Case for the Relativistic Hot Big Bang Cosmology
  https://www.nature.com/articles/352769a0nature​

• Big Bang Cosmology – Überblicksartikel
  https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/physics-and-astronomy/big-bang-cosmologysciencedirect​

• Cold Big-Bang Cosmology as a Counterexample to Several Anthropic Arguments
  https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.64.083508link.aps​

• The Road to Precision Cosmology – Rolle des Urknallmodells
  https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-nucl-111119-041046annualreviews​

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Weltall

• Introduction to Cosmology – Ryden, Kap. „The Expanding Universe“
  http://carina.fcaglp.unlp.edu.ar/extragalactica/Bibliografia/Ryden_IntroCosmo.pdfcarina.fcaglp.unlp​

• Introduction to Cosmology – Roos, Kap. „Geometry and Fate of the Universe“
  http://dec1.sinp.msu.ru/~panov/LibBooks/CS/roos_m_introduction_to_cosmology.pdfdec1.sinp.msu​

• The Standard Cosmology – Expansion und Inhaltskomponenten
  https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9404040arxiv​

• The Road to Precision Cosmology – Parameter des Universums
  https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-nucl-111119-041046annualreviews​

• Cosmology – Overview Kapitel in Reviews of Modern Physics (aus Nobel Lecture verlinkt)
  https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.92.030501link.aps​

• Galaxies and Cosmology – Buchbesprechung mit Fokus auf das „große Bild“
  https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2002Obs…122..227Padsabs.harvard​

• An Introduction to Galaxies and Cosmology
  https://www.nhbs.com/en/an-introduction-to-galaxies-and-cosmology-booknhbs​

• Invited Papers and Reviews: Galaxies / Cosmology (MPIA)
  https://www.mpia.de/de/institut/veroeffentlichungen/wissenschaftlich/galcos/2007/iprmpia​

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Raum und Zeit

• Introduction to General Relativity – Vorlesungsskript (Leiden)
  https://www.lorentz.leidenuniv.nl/research/bloete/DECEASED/grh.pdflorentz.leidenuniv​

• General Relativity – Lecture Notes (Cambridge, D. Tong)
  http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/tong/gr/gr.pdfdamtp.cam​

• Introduction to General Relativity – Überblicksartikel
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_general_relativitywikipedia​

• A Brief Review of General Relativity – Wiley
  https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9783527636037.ch2onlinelibrary.wiley​

• Brief Review of General Relativity – Oxford Academic Kapitel
  https://academic.oup.com/book/9640/chapter/156712675academic.oup​

• A First Course in General Relativity – Buchbesprechung (Einführungsniveau)
  http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010CQGra..27j9001P/abstractadsabs.harvard​

• General Relativity: An Introduction for Physicists – Rezension
  https://physicstoday.aip.org/reviews/general-relativity-an-introduction-for-physicistsphysicstoday.aip​

• A Mathematical Introduction to General Relativity – Buchreview
  https://euromathsoc.org/magazine/articles/75euromathsoc​

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Materie, Masse, Energie

• Particle Physics and Cosmology – PDG-Kapitel (Standardmodell + Kosmologie)
  https://pdg.lbl.gov/2025/html/computer_readers.html (über Big-Bang-PDF verlinkte Materie-Kapitel)pdg.lbl​

• Dark matter and the early Universe: a review
  https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.11488arxiv​

• Dark Matter – 515-seitige Übersicht (Cirelli et al.)
  https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.01705arxiv​

• A Primer on Dark Matter – zugänglicher Überblick für Studierende
  https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.05062arxiv​

• Dark Matter Candidates and Searches – aktueller Überblick
  https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.23454arxiv​

• Big-Bang Cosmology – Abschnitte zu Materiedichte und Energiekomponenten
  https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/physics-and-astronomy/big-bang-cosmologysciencedirect​

• The Road to Precision Cosmology – Materie-, Strahlungs- und Dunkelenergieanteile
  https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-nucl-111119-041046annualreviews​

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Gravitation

• Introduction to General Relativity – Skript (Geometrische Gravitation)
  https://www.lorentz.leidenuniv.nl/research/bloete/DECEASED/grh.pdflorentz.leidenuniv​

• General Relativity – Lecture Notes (D. Tong)
  http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/tong/gr/gr.pdfdamtp.cam​

• A Brief Review of General Relativity – Überblick
  https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9783527636037.ch2onlinelibrary.wiley​

• Introduction to General Relativity – Wikipedia-Artikel
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_general_relativitywikipedia​

• Book Review: A First Course in General Relativity – didaktischer Einstieg
  http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010CQGra..27j9001P/abstractadsabs.harvard​

• Gravitational Waves from Gravitational Collapse – Review
  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5253977/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih​

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Lichtgeschwindigkeit

• Introduction to Special Relativity (z.B. Vorlesungsabschnitte in GR-Skripten)
  http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/tong/gr/gr.pdf (Kapitel zu Spezialrelativität)damtp.cam​

• Introduction to general relativity – Abschnitte „From special to general relativity“
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_general_relativitywikipedia​

• Big-Bang Cosmology – Rolle von Lichtgeschwindigkeit und Horizonten
  https://pdg.lbl.gov/2025/reviews/rpp2024-rev-bbang-cosmology.pdfpdg.lbl​

• The Standard Cosmology – Lichtkegel und Kausalstruktur
  https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9404040arxiv​

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Weltraumteleskop

• NASA – Hubble Space Telescope (Mission Overview)
  https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubblescience.nasa​

• NASA – James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Overview
  https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webbscience.nasa​

• ESA – Euclid Mission (Dark Energy / Dark Matter)
  https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Euclid_overviewscience.nasa​

• ESA – Gaia Mission (Präzisions-Astrometrie der Milchstraße)
  https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Gaia_overviewscience.nasa​

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Galaxie

• An Introduction to Galaxies and Cosmology – Überblickswerk
  https://www.nhbs.com/en/an-introduction-to-galaxies-and-cosmology-booknhbs​

• Galaxies and Cosmology – Buchbesprechung (Springer, Combes et al.)
  https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2002Obs…122..227Padsabs.harvard​

• Invited Papers and Reviews: Galaxies / Cosmology (MPIA)
  https://www.mpia.de/de/institut/veroeffentlichungen/wissenschaftlich/galcos/2007/iprmpia​

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Milchstraße

• ESA – Gaia Mission: Struktur der Milchstraße
  https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Gaia_overviewscience.nasa​

• NASA – Milky Way Galaxy (Grundlagen)
  https://science.nasa.gov/galaxies/our-galaxyscience.nasa​

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Planetensystem

• NASA – Our Solar System
  https://science.nasa.gov/solar-systemscience.nasa​

• ESA – Solar System and Exploration
  https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Solar_Systemscience.nasa​

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Stern

• Bridging the Gap: From Massive Stars to Supernovae
  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5620492/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih​

• Stellar Structure and Evolution – Standardtext (z.B. Kippenhahn & Weigert, via Verlagsseite)
  https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-642-30304-3sciencedirect​

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Supernova

• Nuclear Astrophysics in Our Time: Supernovae, Neutron Stars, Nucleosynthesis
  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8126598/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih​

• X-ray Studies of Supernova Remnants
  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2867747/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih​

• Bridging the Gap: From Massive Stars to Supernovae
  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5620492/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih​

• Physical Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernovae
  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11105976/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih​

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Planet

• NASA – Planets in Our Solar System
  https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planetsscience.nasa​

• ESA – Planetary Science
  https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Planetsscience.nasa​

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Exoplanet

• NASA – Exoplanets (Missions, Grundlagen)
  https://science.nasa.gov/exoplanets/science.nasa​

• Exploring Exoplanet Populations with NASA’s Kepler Mission
  https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1304196111pnas​

• Exoplanet Demographics: Physical and Orbital Properties
  https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.13062arxiv​

• Exoplanet Biosignatures: A Review of Remotely Detectable Signs of Life
  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5620492/ (bzw. Schwieterman et al.)pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1​

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Mond

• NASA – Earth’s Moon
  https://science.nasa.gov/moonscience.nasa​

• ESA – The Moon
  https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Exploration/The_Moonscience.nasa​

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Asteroid

• NASA – Asteroids: Facts
  https://science.nasa.gov/asteroids/science.nasa​

• DART Mission – Asteroid Impact Test
  https://www.asteroidmission.org/ecap.nat.fau​

• JAXA – Hayabusa2 Mission
  https://www.hayabusa2.jaxa.jp/en/ecap.nat.fau​

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Komet

• NASA – Comets: Overview
  https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/comets/science.nasa​

• ESA – Rosetta Mission (67P/Tschurjumow-Gerassimenko)
  https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Rosettascience.nasa​

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Meteor

• NASA – Meteors and Meteorites
  https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/meteors-meteorites/science.nasa​

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Schwarzes Loch

• NASA – Black Holes
  https://science.nasa.gov/universe/black-holesscience.nasa​

• Introduction to General Relativity – Grundlagen zur Schwarzschild-Lösung
  http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/tong/gr/gr.pdfdamtp.cam​

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Gasnebel

• NASA – Nebulae
  https://science.nasa.gov/universe/galaxies/nebulaescience.nasa​

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Neutronenstern

• X-ray Studies of Neutron Stars and Their Magnetic Fields
  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4995313/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih​

• Physics of Neutron Star Crusts
  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5255077/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih​

• Grand Unification of Neutron Stars
  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2867699/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih​

• Constraining the Equation of State in Neutron-Star Cores
  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11790964/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih​

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Dunkle Materie

• Dark Matter and the Early Universe: A Review
  https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.11488arxiv​

• Dark Matter – umfassende Übersicht (Cirelli et al.)
  https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.01705arxiv​

• A Primer on Dark Matter – zugänglicher Einstieg
  https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.05062arxiv​

• Dark Matter Candidates and Searches
  https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.23454arxiv​

• Dark Matter – Particle Data Group Kapitel
  https://pdg.lbl.gov/2023/reviews/rpp2022-rev-dark-matter.pdfpdg.lbl​

• Dark Matter γ-Line Search in the Galactic Centre (HESS)
  https://ecap.nat.fau.de/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/2018_Veh_Dissertation.pdfecap.nat.fau​

• The Complexity of the Dark Matter Sheet
  https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24445/1/Stuecker_Jens.pdfedoc.uni-muenchen​

• Gravitational Wave Probes of Particle Dark Matter
  https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02607arxiv​